| Please use any of these identifiers to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10795/3106 http://repository.edulll.gr/3106 |
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Abstract | The present work describes the development and validation of a highly sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 68 compounds, including illicit drugs (opiates, opioids, cocaine compounds, amphetamines, and hallucinogens), psychiatric drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, anesthetics, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and sympathomimetics), and selected human metabolites in influent and effluent wastewater (IWWand EWW) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The method involves a pre-concentration and cleanup step, carried out by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using the adsorbent Strata-XC, followed by the instrumental analysis performed by LC–MS/MS, using a Kinetex pentafluorophenyl (PFP) reversed-phase fused-core column and electrospray ionization (ESI) in both positive and negative modes. A systematic optimization of mobile phases was performed to cope with the wide range of physicochemical properties of the analytes. The PFP column was also compared with two reversed-phase columns: fused-core C18 and XBC18 (with a cross-butyl C18 ligand). SPE optimization and critical aspects associated with the trace level determination of the target compounds (e.g., matrix effects) have been also considered and discussed. Fragmentation patterns for all the classes were proposed. The validated method provides absolute recoveries between 75 and 120 % for most compounds in IWW and EWW. Low method limits of detection were achieved (between 0.04 and 10.0 ng/L for 87 % of the compounds), allowing a reliable and accurate quantification of the analytes at trace level. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of these compounds in five wastewater treatment plants in Santorini, a touristic island of the Aegean Sea, Greece. Thirty-two out of 68 compounds were detected in all IWW samples in the range between 0.6 ng/L (for nordiazepam) and 6,822 ng/L (for carbamazepine) and 22 out of 68 in all EWW samples, with values between 0.4 ng/L (for 9-OH risperidone) and 2,200 ng/L (for carbamazepine). The novel methodology described herein maximizes the information on the environmental analysis of these substances and also provides a first profile of 68 drugs in a Greek touristic area |
Author/Creator | Borova, Viola L.; Maragou, Niki C.; Gago-Ferrero, Pablo; Pistos, Constantinos; Τhomaidis, Νikolaos S. | Contributor | Monitor or Contractor: Thomaidis, N. S.
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Licencee | Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών |
Contractor | Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών. Τμήμα Χημείας. Εργαστήριο Αναλυτικής Χημείας |
Publisher | Springer-Verlag | Source | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2014, 406, 4273-4285 |
Language | English | Date | 2014 |
Extent | 15 pages |
Identifier | DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7819-3 ISSN: 16182642 | Subject | wastewater analytical chemistry |
Keywords | Illicit drugs, Psychiatric drugs, Wastewater, LC–MS/MS, SPE | Is Related to | Simultaneous determination of 148 pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in sewage sludge based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry Occurrence and spatial distribution of 158 pharmaceuticals, drug of abuse and related metabolites in offshore seawater Targeted determination of new psychoactive substances, drugs of abuse, psychoactive pharmaceuticals and other biomarkers in wastewater by LC-Q-ToF-HRMS Optimization, validation, and application of LC-(QqQ)MS/MS for the determination and occurrence of new drugs of abuse in wastewater samples Simultaneous detection of New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs) in wastewater of Greece Multi-residue determination of 10 selected new psychoactive substances in waste water samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry |
Type | Text (Journal article) | Project URL | http://tremepol.chem.uoa.gr/ |
Project Notes | ΕΣΠΑ 2007-2013 - Ε.Π. «ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΑ ΒΙΟΥ ΜΑΘΗΣΗ» - ΔΡΑΣΗ «ΑΡΙΣΤΕΙΑ» - «Προϊόντα μετατροπής αναδυόμενων ρύπων στο υδατικό περιβάλλον» (Transformation products of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment) - EE4: Ανίχνευση νέων συνθετικών ναρκωτικών και αναγνώριση μεταβολιτών τους σε υγρά απόβλητα |
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